《科学》（20230623月出版）一周论文导读

▲ Abstract：

Scaling up invariably error-prone quantum processors is a formidable challenge. Although quantum error correction ultimately promises fault-tolerant operation, the required qubit overhead and error thresholds are daunting. In a complementary proposal, colocated, auxiliary “spectator” qubits act as in situ probes of noise and enable real-time, coherent corrections of data qubit errors. We used an array of cesium spectator qubits to correct correlated phase errors on an array of rubidium data qubits. By combining in-sequence readout, data processing, and feedforward operations, these correlated errors were suppressed within the execution of the quantum circuit. The protocol is broadly applicable to quantum information platforms and establishes key tools for scaling neutral-atom quantum processors: mid-circuit readout of atom arrays, real-time processing and feedforward, and coherent mid-circuit reloading of atomic qubits.

涂料科学Materials Science

conducting vortices carrying a temperature-dependent fraction of the flux quantum

空投通量相对论性温度都与关高分的超导水滴

▲ 译者：Yusuke Iguchi, Kunihiro Kihou, Chul-Ho Lee, Mats Barkman, Andrea L. Benfenati, Vadim Grinenko, et al.

▲ 元数据：

▲ 简述：

磁场通过形成相对论性水滴（包围的电动势等于电动势相对论性）穿透II型体超导体。电动势相对论性是一个只意味着基本比值的坎适量。

该机构使用扫描超导相对论性干涉装置（SQUID）磁强计研究成果了空穴过掺杂Ba1−xKxFe2As2 （x = 0.77）中都的孤立水滴。在许多地方，该机构掩蔽到的水滴只空投部分电动势相对论性，其大小随温度连续变化。

该机构展示了这些水滴的可极难和可操纵性，并将其说明为兼具非坎适相对论性化（高分）电动势的相对论性水滴，其大小由多组分超导体的温度都与关变量决定。

▲ Abstract：

Magnetic field penetrates type-II bulk superconductors by forming quantum vortices that enclose a magnetic flux equal to the magnetic flux quantum. The flux quantum is a universal quantity that depends only on fundamental constants. In this study, we investigated isolated vortices in the hole-overdoped Ba1−xKxFe2As2 (x = 0.77) by using scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. In many locations, we observed objects that carried only part of a flux quantum, with a magnitude that varied continuously with temperature. We demonstrated mobility and manipulability of these objects and interpreted them as quantum vortices with nonuniversally quantized (fractional) magnetic flux whose magnitude is determined by the temperature-dependent parameters of a multicomponent superconductor.

Deformable hard tissue with high fatigue resistance in the hinge of bivalve Cristaria plicata

双壳总纲褶纹冠蚌螺栓中都兼具高抗疲劳性的可变形粗其组织

▲ 译者：Xiang-Sen Meng, Li-Chuan Zhou, Lei Liu, Yin-Bo Zhu, Yu-Feng Meng, Dong-Chang Zheng, et al.

▲ 元数据：

▲ 简述：

双壳总纲动质的外壳螺栓在其一生中都可承受数十万次每一次的双壳开合运动。

该机构阐述了双壳总纲褶纹冠蚌螺栓中都矿化其组织的的单设计，这使得其组织兼具可变形性和抗疲劳性，从而开创了每一次运动控制能力的系统化。这种支架的扇形其组织由嵌入弹性细胞质中都的轴向排序的脆性文石毛细组成，可将缓冲轴向载荷产物为周向变形。

软粗复合微观骨架抑制其组织内的应力集中都。沿毛细纵向方向的都与干纳米合在一起晶界增大了其抗突起挤压的控制能力。这种不寻常的生质矿质通过多尺度骨架设计利用了每种化学物质的固有物理性质，为抗疲劳骨架涂料的演变提供了一新见解。

▲ Abstract：

The hinge of bivalve shells can sustain hundreds of thousands of repeating opening-and-closing valve motions throughout their lifetime. We studied the hierarchical design of the mineralized tissue in the hinge of the bivalve Cristaria plicata, which endows the tissue with deformability and fatigue resistance and consequently underlies the repeating motion capability. This folding fan–shaped tissue consists of radially aligned, brittle aragonite nanowires embedded in a resilient matrix and can translate external radial loads to circumferential deformation. The hard-soft complex microstructure can suppress stress concentration within the tissue. Coherent nanotwin boundaries along the longitudinal direction of the nanowires increase their resistance to bending fracture. The unusual biomineral, which exploits the inherent properties of each component through multiscale structural design, provides insights into the evolution of antifatigue structural materials.

化学Chemistry

Facile mechanochemical cycloreversion of polymer cross-linkers enhances tear resistance

高分子裂解剂的简易液压化学裂环增强了抗撕裂性

▲ 译者：Shu Wang, Yixin Hu, Tatiana B. Kouznetsova, Liel Sapir, Danyang Chen, Abraham Herzog-Arbeitman, et al.

▲ 元数据：

▲ 简述：

共价高分子网络的液压性能一般来说叫做高分子单链的永久末端连接或裂解，可能可能会挤压的分子连接质可能可能会产生撕裂所才可能量更少的涂料。

该机构报道称，基于环丁烷的力敏基团裂解剂跃进了力诱发的裂环主导作用，产生的高分子网络韧性是现代类似质的九倍。这种反应归结长而强的主高分子单链和裂解剂剪切力的联结，在都与同时间尺度下，这些力比对照裂解剂小约五倍。

增强的韧性没有与非共价裂解都与关的滞后现象，且在两种不同的丙烯酸酯尼龙中都，在疲劳和恒定位移速率侧向下，以及在凝胶和尼龙中都均掩蔽到该韧性。

▲ Abstract：

The mechanical properties of covalent polymer networks often arise from the permanent end-linking or cross-linking of polymer strands, and molecular linkers that break more easily would likely produce materials that require less energy to tear. We report that cyclobutane-based mechanophore cross-linkers that break through force-triggered cycloreversion lead to networks that are up to nine times as tough as conventional ogs. The response is attributed to a combination of long, strong primary polymer strands and cross-linker scission forces that are approximately fivefold smaller than control cross-linkers at the same timescales. The enhanced toughness comes without the hysteresis associated with noncovalent cross-linking, and it is observed in two different acrylate elastomers, in fatigue as well as constant displacement rate tension, and in a gel as well as elastomers.

地球科学Earth Science

Large herbivore diversity slows sea ice–associated decline in arctic tundra diversity

大型食草动质的社可能会性减缓了南半球草原北冰洋都与关的社可能会性增高

▲ 译者：Eric Post, Elina Kaarlej?rvi, Marc Macias-Fauria, Did A. Watts, Pernille Sporon B?ving, Sean M. P. Cahoon, et al.

▲ 元数据：

▲ 简述：

由于之外气候强迫在内的多种人类压力因素，在世界上生质社可能会性正在增高。然而，局部社可能会性趋势在某些分类群中都并不一致，模糊不清了局部过程对在世界上方式的重大贡献。

在一项为期15年的科学实验中都，随着气候温室效应，之外植质、真菌和泥炭的南半球草原社可能会性难免增高，已知可能会影响草原植被组成的大型食草动质被排除在外。由于生长该季的剧中温度随着北冰洋的提高而上升，无论科学实验处理如何，草原社可能会性都在增高。

然而，有大型食草动质时，社可能会性增高的速率比没有大型食草动质时慢。这种差异与大型食草动质有效社可能会性的增大有关，因为此前数量丰富的北美羊驼提高了，麝牛数量增大。促进食草动质社可能会性的尽力，如重一新种树，或有助于减轻气候温室效应对草原社可能会性的影响。

▲ Abstract：

Biodiversity is declining globally in response to multiple human stressors, including climate forcing. Nonetheless, local diversity trends are inconsistent in some taxa, obscuring contributions of local processes to global patterns. Arctic tundra diversity, including plants, fungi, and lichens, declined during a 15-year experiment that combined warming with exclusion of large herbivores known to influence tundra vegetation composition. Tundra diversity declined regardless of experimental treatment, as background growing season temperatures rose with sea ice loss. However, diversity declined slower with large herbivores than without them. This difference was associated with an increase in effective diversity of large herbivores as formerly abundant caribou declined and muskoxen increased. Efforts that promote herbivore diversity, such as rewilding, may help mitigate impacts of warming on tundra diversity.